Case report: Regression of Glioblastoma after flavivirus infection.

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer. In preclinical studies, Zika virus, a flavivirus that triggers the death of glioblastoma stem-like cells. However, the flavivirus oncolytic activity has not been demonstrated in human patients. Here we report a glioblastoma patient who received the standard of care therapy, including surgical resection, radiotherapy and temozolomide. However, shortly after the tumor mass resection, the patient was clinically diagnosed with a typical arbovirus-like infection, during a Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. Following the infection resolution, the glioblastoma regressed, and no recurrence was observed. This clinical response continues 6 years after the glioblastoma initial diagnosis.

Safety and immunogenicity of 17DD attenuated yellow fever vaccine in howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.).

BACKGROUND: Alouatta spp. are highly susceptible to yellow fever (YF) infection and develop an often fatal disease. The threat posed by an outbreak started in 2016 leads us to investigate vaccination as a potential tool in preventing YF in non-human primates (NHP). METHODS: Susceptible howler monkeys were immunized with three different concentrations of the human Brazilian commercial YF17DD vaccine. Post-vaccination viremia/RNAemia, immunogenicity, and safety were characterized. RESULTS: The vaccine did not produce YF clinical manifestations in any of the NHPs. After immunization, all animals seroconverted demonstrating the ability of the YF vaccine to induce humoral response in Alouatta species. CONCLUSIONS: The present work has demonstrated the safe and immunogenic profile of the existing YF 17DD vaccine in howler monkeys. This knowledge may support further studies with other susceptible monkey species and provide a possible solution for controlling epizootics and preventing the devastation of endangered species.

Validation of PCR method for mycoplasma detection in the Yellow Fever-vaccine quality control / Validação de método de PCR para detecção de micoplasmasno controle de qualidade da vacina de Febre Amarela

Among the vaccines produced by Bio-Manguinhos, a major centre for manufacturingthe immunobiological products in Latin America, stands out the yellow fever (YF) vaccine.To guarantee the excellence and safety of the YF vaccine, the quality control tests has to be performedthroughout its production. The World Health Organization (WHO) demands the producersto guarantee the absence of Mycoplasma orale, M. pneumoniae, M. gallisepticum and M. synoviaein the biological products. Mycoplasma is a fastidious microorganism, requiring about 35 daysfor attaining the conclusive culturing test. In this study PCR methods were selected for amplifying16S rRNA gene fragments for detecting mycoplasma in the intermediate products of YF vaccine.This standardized methodology was specific and sensitive to detect the low concentrations of mycoplasma in spiked intermediary vaccine products; and the absence of unspecific amplification was also demonstrated. The detection rates ranged from 3.1 to 12.5 colony formingunits and showed 100 % of sensitivity and specificity in the tested samples. The PCR protocol for detecting mycoplasmal DNA in YF vaccine was validated by analysing 286 samples. Bio-Manguinhos produces annually 10,000,000 YF vaccine doses, and this method has been successfully employed, complementing the traditional approach in the mycoplasma detection since 2008.

Dentre as vacinas produzidas por Bio-Manguinhos, um importante centro de produção deimunobiológicos da América Latina, destaca-se a vacina de febre amarela (FA) que é produzidaem ovos embrionados. Para garantir a excelência e a segurança da vacina, testes de controlede qualidade são realizados durante a produção. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) exigedos produtores a ausência de Mycoplasma orale, M. pneumoniae, M. gallisepticum e M. synoviaeem produtos biológicos. Micoplasmas são micro-organismos fastidiosos, sendo necessários35 dias para que os testes de cultura sejam conclusivos. Neste estudo foram selecionadosmétodos de amplificação de fragmentos do gene 16S rRNA para detecção de micoplasmas emprodutos intermediários da vacina de FA. Esta metodologia padronizada foi capaz de detectarbaixas concentrações de micoplasmas nos produtos intermediários e a ausência de amplificaçãoinespecífica foi demonstrada. O limite de detecção variou entre 3,1 e 12,5 unidades formadorasde colônia; e nas amostras testadas a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 100 %. O protocolode PCR para detecção de micoplasmas na vacina foi validado pela análise de 286 amostras.Bio-Manguinhos produz 10.000.000 doses de vacina de febre amarela por ano e, desde 2008,este método tem sido empregado com sucesso, complementando-se a abordagem tradicional.

Validation of PCR method for mycoplasma detection in the Yellow Fever-vaccine quality control / Validação de método de PCR para detecção de micoplasmas no controle de qualidade da vacina de Febre Amarela

Among the vaccines produced by Bio-Manguinhos, a major centre for manufacturing the immunobiological products in Latin America, stands out the yellow fever (YF) vaccine. To guarantee the excellence and safety of the YF vaccine, the quality control tests has to be performed throughout its production. The World Health Organization (WHO) demands the producers to guarantee the absence of Mycoplasma orale, M. pneumoniae, M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae in the biological products. Mycoplasma is a fastidious microorganism, requiring about 35 days for attaining the conclusive culturing test. In this study PCR methods were selected for amplifying 16S rRNA gene fragments for detecting mycoplasma in the intermediate products of YF vaccine. This standardized methodology was specific and sensitive to detect the low concentrations of mycoplasma in spiked intermediary vaccine products; and the absence of unspecific amplification was also demonstrated. The detection rates ranged from 3.1 to 12.5 colony forming units and showed 100 % of sensitivity and specificity in the tested samples. The PCR protocol for detecting mycoplasmal DNA in YF vaccine was validated by analysing 286 samples. Bio-Manguinhos produces annually 10,000,000 YF vaccine doses, and this method has been successfully employed, complementing the traditional approach in the mycoplasma detection since 2008.

Dentre as vacinas produzidas por Bio-Manguinhos, um importante centro de produção de imunobiológicos da América Latina, destaca-se a vacina de febre amarela (FA) que é produzida em ovos embrionados. Para garantir a excelência e a segurança da vacina, testes de controle de qualidade são realizados durante a produção. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) exige dos produtores a ausência de Mycoplasma orale, M. pneumoniae, M. gallisepticum e M. synoviae em produtos biológicos. Micoplasmas são micro-organismos fastidiosos, sendo necessários 35 dias para que os testes de cultura sejam conclusivos. Neste estudo foram selecionados métodos de amplificação de fragmentos do gene 16S rRNA para detecção de micoplasmas em produtos intermediários da vacina de FA. Esta metodologia padronizada foi capaz de detectar baixas concentrações de micoplasmas nos produtos intermediários e a ausência de amplificação inespecífica foi demonstrada. O limite de detecção variou entre 3,1 e 12,5 unidades formadoras de colônia; e nas amostras testadas a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 100 %. O protocolo de PCR para detecção de micoplasmas na vacina foi validado pela análise de 286 amostras. Bio-Manguinhos produz 10.000.000 doses de vacina de febre amarela por ano e, desde 2008, este método tem sido empregado com sucesso, complementando-se a abordagem tradicional.

Molecular aspects of Schistosoma mansoni female maturation

Incubation of total protein extracts of Schistosoma mansoni with 3H 17-beta-estradiol and 20-hydroxyecdysone, revealed steroid binding proteins in both, male and female worms. The interaction of nuclear proteins with restriction fragments of the gender and stage-specific gene F-10 was investigated using the "Band-Shift" technique. Distinct male and female nuclear proteins bound to the fragments of this gene. Among the nuclear proteins, only those rich in cysteine residues bound to DNA. In vitro incubation of live worms with the estrogen antagonist Tamoxifen, altered the pattern of the DNA binding proteins, producing in females, a band profile similar to that obtained with male worm protein extracts. When Tamoxifen was injected into schistosome infected mice, the eggs produced by females presented an abnormal morphology, compatible with non-viable eggs. These results suggest that the regulation of transcription of the F-10 gene might involve steroid receptors.